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The solar system consists of the Sun and all celestial objects that orbit around it, including planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and meteoroids. The Sun, a G-type main-sequence star, contains 99.8% of the solar system's total mass and provides the energy that sustains life on Earth. It is located at the center of the solar system and exerts gravitational force on all the objects within it.

There are eight recognized planets in the solar system, classified into two groups: terrestrial and gas giants. The terrestrial planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, are characterized by their rocky surfaces and are located closer to the Sun. The gas giants, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, are much larger in size and are primarily composed of helium and hydrogen. They are located further from the Sun.

In addition to planets, the solar system also contains numerous moons or natural satellites which orbit around the planets. Earth's moon is the fifth-largest moon in the solar system, and Jupiter's moon, Ganymede, is the largest, even larger than the planet Mercury. Moons can vary greatly in size, from small irregularly shaped objects to large spherical bodies.

Asteroids and comets are small celestial objects that also reside within the solar system. They are composed of rock, metal, and ice and have highly elliptical orbits around the Sun. Asteroids are primarily found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, while comets originate from the Kuiper Belt and the Oort Cloud. When they pass close to the Sun, they can develop a visible coma and sometimes a tail due to the Solar wind.

Meteoroids are smaller rocky or metallic fragments that travel through space. When they enter Earth's atmosphere, they are referred to as meteors, and if they survive the descent and land on Earth's surface, they are then called meteorites. The study of meteorites has provided valuable insights into the composition and history of the solar system.

The solar system is an intricate and fascinating system, and humans have launched numerous missions to explore its various components. From the first human landing on the Moon to the ongoing exploration of Mars, our understanding of the solar system continues to expand, and we are constantly discovering new and exciting aspects of our celestial neighborhood.

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